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isomeric shift
The isomeric shift (also called isomer shift) is the shift on atomic spectral lines and gamma spectral lines, which occurs as a consequence of replacement of one nuclear isomer by another. It is usually called isomeric shift on atomic spectral lines and Mössbauer isomeric shift respectively. If the spectra have also hyperfine structure the shift refers to the center of gravity of the spectra. The isomeric shift provides important information about the nuclear structure and the physical, chemical or biological environment of atoms.
More recently the effect has also been proposed as a tool in the search for the time variation of fundamental constants of nature.〔J. C. Berengut and V. V. Flambaum, Nuclear Physics News International, 20, No. 3 (2010) 19.〕
==The isomeric shift on atomic spectral lines==
The isomeric shift on atomic spectral lines is the energy or frequency shift in atomic spectra, which occurs when one replaces one nuclear isomer by another. The effect was predicted by Richard M. Weiner〔R. M. Weiner, Nuovo Cimento 4 (1956) 1587.〕 in 1956 whose calculations showed that it should be measurable by atomic (optical) spectroscopy (cf. also〔R. M. Weiner, Phys. Rev. 114, (1959) 256; Zhur. Eksptl. I Teoret. Fiz. 35 (1958) 284, translation: Soviet Phys. JETP. 35(8) (1959) 196.〕). It was observed experimentally〔A. Melissinos and S. Davis, Phys. Rev. 115 (1959) 130.〕 for the first time in 1958. The theory of the atomic isomeric shift developed in 〔〔 is also used in the interpretation of the Mössbauer isomeric shift.
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